Dark Matter :: physics science space

Dark Matter For centuries, physicists and philosophers alike have wondered what makes up our universe. Aristotle thought that all matter came in one of four forms: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Since then we have come a long way, with the discovery of the atoms and the subatomic particles they are made of. We can even guess at what makes up protons and neutrons. We have since then discovered and predicted the existence of particles other than the atom, such as the photon, neutrino, axion, and many others. Despite all our advances in particle physics and astrophysics, we still don't know what form of matter makes up 95% of the universe. Physicists have named this mysterious substance dark matter, for it can not be detected by observation (it does not emit visible or other frequency light waves). However, we know that dark matter must exist, following Newton's universal law of gravity. There are two ways to prove the existence of dark matter. We know that the universe must have a certain mass in order for its attractive gravitational forces to slow the expansion of the universe which started at the big bang. We can precisely calculate the rate at which the universe is expanding currently, and how fast it has expanded in the past. From this we get the theoretical mass of the universe. This figure falls far short of the visible mass of the universe, which consists of stars, planets, and hot gas. This is how scientists are able to prove that we can only see about 5% of our universe. We can also prove that dark matter exists in galaxies by examining how they spin. When an object rotates in a circular orbit, the object has a tendency to fly off in a path tangent to the orbit. If the stays within the orbit, it has a radial acceleration which is equal to its velocity squared over the radius of the orbit. The only force which is keeping the body in the orbit is the force of gravity, which is dependent on the mass of the system. Knowing this, physicists can calculate the mass of a galaxy by looking at how fast stars orbiting its center are moving. Physicists can also calculate where the highest percentage of dark matter should be in the galaxy. In most cases, it is located in a ring just outside the galaxy. In the case of the galaxy shown in the photo, dark matter must be present in the dark space between the nucleus of older yellow stars and the outer ring of young, blue stars.

Research Paper NT1430 Essay

When it comes to IPv6 there are a lot of topics that can be discussed. It will change the Internet forever as we know it. IPv4 is the fourth version of protocol using a 32 bit address space whereas IPv6 will be using 128 bits of hexadecimal addressing to allow for drastically more addresses. Currently IPv4 allows roughly 4,294,967,296 possible addresses and with the current allocation practices it limits the number of public address to a few hundred million. In contrast, the 128 bit address space that IPv6 uses can provide roughly 3.4 x 1038 possible addresses. The sheer size of the IPv6 address allows for the subdividing of the address into a hierarchical routing structure that in turn can reflect the current topology of the Internet. This will provide great flexibility for the addressing and routing in the future where the IPv4 obviously lacks in comparison. It would hard to imagine a world where we do have anymore Internet addresses to go around. This should hopefully solve that problem, at least for a while to come. When configuring DHCP on Linux to use IPv6 one must be sure that they have everything in order. The two most used means of auto configuration IPS are on the router advertisement and dhcpv6. When you are using the RA a server daemon needs to advertise a network prefix which is typically a /64, gateway and sometimes a DNS server. Then the Client machines can auto configure their IPv6 addresses when they have initialized a bootup based on their current MAC address using EUI64. When addressing the same situation with dhcpv6, dynamic or static addresses can always be assigned to the current client machines. Unfortunately the gateways cannot be assigned due to the design of the dhcpv6 protocol. If you must use dhcpv6 you have to use RA. You can configure RA to advertise only the gateway leaving the IP and DNS server configuration all up to the dhcpv6, or only the DNS servers. In order to run dhcpd in IPv6 mode you  need to add a -6 argument. The arguments should define the configuration file and lease file. Here is an example of a startup command; /usr/sbin/dhcp -6 –cd/etc/dhcpd6.conf –lf/var/state/dhcpd6.leases eth1. The -6 enables the IPv6 mode and the –cf defines the IPv6 configuration file. Here’s an example of the dhcpd6.conf; # dhcpd6.conf authoritative; option dhcp6.name-servers 2001;db8;1;1;;200; option dhcp6.domain-search ‘internal.1an’; In conclusion, I hope that after this you understand why IPv6 is such a game changer and why it is so important for our world going forward. Without it our planet would cease to exist and everything would stop. Obviously IPv4 is still around and will be for a few more years, but the days of thinking that IPv4 would last forever or definitely over and it’s time for something new will hopefully last a little longer. References http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc780310(v=WS.10).aspx //www.cisco.com/web/about/security/security_services/ciag/documents/v6-v4-threats.pdf http://linux.ardynet.com/ipv6setup.php

Organizational Culture The Smartest Guys Of The Room

According to Robbins and Judge, organizational culture is, â€Å"a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations† (Robbins 249). A strong organizational culture is one whose organization’s core values are both intensely held and widely shared. After viewing Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, it is obvious that Enron had not only an organizational culture that was strong, but one that was extreme and aggressive. This aggressive and strong organizational culture discouraged both teamwork and ethical behavior and in the end it only plagued Enron until it eventually collapsed under its downfall. The aggressive organizational culture started with Enron’s founder, Ken Lay, and other members of its top management such as Jeffrey Skilling and Lou Pai. From there it trickled down into those who worked under Enron’s top management such as traders and other employees. The aggressive culture then starts in the established criteria for new workers who are meant to fit into the founder’s philosophy of the organization and its culture. Enron searched for those who showed great potential, who graduated from some of the best universities in the world, and for â€Å"guys with spikes† who were former nerds that felt they had something to prove by working aggressively to get rich fast. The last criteria is important to note, because Jeffrey Skilling was considered to be one of those â€Å"guys with spikes†, and those who worked under him idolized hisShow MoreRelatedEnron : The Smartest Guys1384 Words   |  6 PagesEnron: The Smartest Guys in the Room Org anizational Movie Paper Enron Corporation’s failure in the year of 2001 has become a depiction of unethical corporate behavior for years to come. 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