Yoga OBservation Essay Example For Students

Yoga OBservation Essay The Rhythm of Your Breath. The Atlanta Yoga is a studio that is housed in a loft located in Midtown West. Atlanta Yoga has been opened for about six years and it offers many levels of yoga classes for the public. According to Ms. Adele Gale, the owner and director, Atlanta Yoga does not have a formal mission but is there to spread the form of yoga known as Ashtanga, which in Sanskrit means the eighth limb. This form of yoga works with synchronization of deep rhythmic breathing and movements. By regulating your breathing it aids your body with strengthening the body, helping with digestion, regulating metabolism and helps with decreasing blood pressure.Upon entering the building, I was engulf in a wave of heat which Ms. Gale explained was there to aid in releasing unwanted toxins through perspiration. The lights were dimmed and the atmosphere was very relaxing with a hint of incense lurking in the air. The class was relatively full with an aura sense of serenity and tranquility amongst the participants. After g rabbing a studio mat I joined the rest of the class in the scorching heat. I now know what the web site meant when it advised us to wear as little as possible. During the seventy-five minutes class we did several exercises which all focused on the awareness of the breath. Positions like lying dog and sitting dog focused on maintaining regular breathing patterns. As we got further along in the exercises and different positions, the unbearable heat actually began to feel comfortable and after a while the sweat dripping off my nose no longer existed. The only thing going through your mind was the steady beat of your breath. It is not a class for you to sit and observe but a class that you must participant in to fully understand the concept of Ashtanga. This class allows you to become in tuned with your body and the rhythm of your lungs as it inhale and exhale. This is a class that I would definitely recommend to anyone who wants to be in tune with their body. Words/ Pages : 365 / 24 We will write a custom essay on Yoga OBservation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Yoga OBservation Essay Example For Students Yoga OBservation Essay The Rhythm of Your Breath. The Atlanta Yoga is a studio that is housed in a loft located in Midtown West. Atlanta Yoga has been opened for about six years and it offers many levels of yoga classes for the public. According to Ms. Adele Gale, the owner and director, Atlanta Yoga does not have a formal mission but is there to spread the form of yoga known as Ashtanga, which in Sanskrit means the eighth limb. This form of yoga works with synchronization of deep rhythmic breathing and movements. By regulating your breathing it aids your body with strengthening the body, helping with digestion, regulating metabolism and helps with decreasing blood pressure. Upon entering the building, I was engulf in a wave of heat which Ms. Gale explained was there to aid in releasing unwanted toxins through perspiration. The lights were dimmed and the atmosphere was very relaxing with a hint of incense lurking in the air. The class was relatively full with an aura sense of serenity and tranquility amongst the participants. We will write a custom essay on Yoga OBservation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After grabbing a studio mat I joined the rest of the class in the scorching heat. I now know what the web site meant when it advised us to wear as little as possible. During the seventy-five minutes class we did several exercises which all focused on the awareness of the breath. Positions like lying dog and sitting dog focused on maintaining regular breathing patterns. As we got further along in the exercises and different positions, the unbearable heat actually began to feel comfortable and after a while the sweat dripping off my nose no longer existed. The only thing going through your mind was the steady beat of your breath. It is not a class for you to sit and observe but a class that you must participant in to fully understand the concept of Ashtanga. This class allows you to become in tuned with your body and the rhythm of your lungs as it inhale and exhale. This is a class that I would definitely recommend to anyone who wants to be in tune with their body. .

Combating Human Trafficking

Combating Human Trafficking Free Online Research Papers Over the past several years, human trafficking has become a sizable worldwide problem. Human Trafficking has had a considerable effect on the World and the United States. To combat this, several laws and initiatives have been enacted. While this allows for some headway in combating this problem, there are still several things that we can do to help. This review of the literature on Human Trafficking focuses on these areas and provides information on the steps that can help combat this epidemic. Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons is slavery. The United Nations defines human trafficking as The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. The Department of Justice notes that human trafficking frequently involves the trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation and also often involves the exploitation of agricultural and sweatshop workers, as well as individuals working as domestic servants. The University of Pittsburghs Legal Paper (Jurist Law) estimates that human trafficking victimizes some 800,000 people worldwide. (Jansen, 2006) While the article Slavery in the Suburbs (Smith, 2007) reports its an industry thats worth some $32 billion worldwide. Trafficking in persons is also the third most profitable criminal activity after illegal weapons and drugs. (Morse, 2006) This is a vicious and senseless crime that has become an epidemic of the world. It affects several areas of the worlds economy and relations. In October 2001, the State Department (DOS) created the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, and in June 2002, it published a report, under the direction of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, assessing the efforts made by 89 countries to combat trafficking in persons. This report is the most comprehensive anti-trafficking review to be issued by any single government. (Lackzo Gramegna, 2003) This report (updated in 2007) lists each country based on the extent of government action to combat trafficking, rather than the size of the problem, into one of the three tiers. The DOS describes Tier 1 as Governments that fully comply with TVPA; Tier 2 as Governments that are making significant efforts to meet the minimum standards. There is also a Tier 2 Watch List which includes countries whose governments do not fully comply with the Acts minimum standards but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards, and: The absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing, or There is a failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons from the previous year; or The determination that a country is making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with minimum standards was based on commitments by the country to take additional future steps over the next year. They define Tier 3 as Governments that do not fully comply and are not making significant efforts to meet the minimum standards. Two examples, India and Thailand, of the findings as stated in the DOS Trafficking in Persons Report, 2007 are listed below: • INDIA (Tier 2 Watch List) India is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Indias trafficking in person problem is estimated to be in the millions. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) estimates that 90 percent of Indias sex trafficking is internal. Women and girls are trafficked internally for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced marriage. Children are subject to involuntary servitude as factory workers, domestic servants, beggars, and agriculture workers. Men, women, and children are held in debt bondage and face involuntary servitude working in brick kilns, rice mills, agriculture, and embroidery factories. India is also a destination for women and girls from Nepal and Bangladesh trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. Bangladeshi women reportedly are trafficked through India for sexual exploitation in Pakistan. Although Indians migrate willingly to the Gu lf for work as domestic servants and low-skilled laborers, some later find themselves in situations of involuntary servitude, including extended working hours, non-payment of wages, restrictions on movement by withholding of passports or confinement to the workplace, and physical or sexual abuse. Bangladeshi and Nepali men and women are trafficked through India for involuntary servitude in the Middle East. Figure 1. Photo by Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department. Shown above, a 9-year-old girl toils under the hot sun, making bricks from morning to night, seven days a week. She was trafficked with her entire family from Bihar, one of the poorest and most underdeveloped states in India, and sold to the owner of a brick-making factory. She has no means of escape, and is unable to speak the local language; the family is isolated and lives in terrible conditions. (Human Trafficking Website, 2007) • Thailand (Tier 2) Thailand is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor. Regional economic disparities drive significant illegal migration into Thailand, presenting traffickers with opportunities to force, coerce or defraud these undocumented migrants into labor or sexual exploitation. Women and children are trafficked from Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Peoples Republic of China (P.R.C.), Russia, and Uzbekistan for commercial sexual exploitation in Thailand. A number of women and girls from Burma, Cambodia, and Vietnam transit through Thailands southern border to Malaysia for sexual exploitation primarily in Johor Bahru, across from Singapore. Thai and hill tribe women and girls are trafficked internally and to Japan, Malaysia, South Africa, Bahrain, Australia, Singapore, Europe, Canada, and the United States for sexual exploitation. The denial of Thai residency to ethnic minority women and girls who reside in T hailands northern hills makes them more susceptible to trafficking and delays repatriation due to lack of citizenship. Widespread sex tourism in Thailand encourages trafficking for sexual exploitation. Figure 2. Photo by Kay Chernush for the U.S. State Department. Shown above, a woman in her early 20s was trafficked into a blue jean sweatshop, where she and other young women were locked in and made to work 20 hours a day, sleeping on the floor, with little to eat and no pay. Luckily, she managed to escape and was brought to the government-run Baan Kredtrakarn shelter in Bangkok. She eventually felt safe enough to tell her story, the police were informed and they raided the sweatshop, freeing 38 girls. (Human Trafficking Website, 2007) While this illustrates the worldwide reach, it also has an effect on America. Ricardo Veisaga saw an employment ad in the local Spanish newspaper to work in a restaurant. He applied and was promised more than $1,000 a month, meals, a place to sleep and possible overtime. Instead, he wound up working 12-hour days at a restaurant in Greenwood, Ind., earning an equivalent of 51 cents an hour. According to his account, he was fed only rice and water and on three occasions, he was beaten and threatened with kitchen knives. (Kelly, 2006) Like Ricardo, Esperanza was in hopes of a better future as she left Mexico with the promise of a job in the United States. Esperanza was taken to a home and a sewing shop in which an angry woman owner told the young Mexican she owed a lot of money for her passage into the U.S. and would have to work hard to pay it off. She was forced to work 17-hour days in a sweatshop, forced to sleep in the shop, only given ten minutes to eat one meal a day, and was told not to talk to the other workers, some of whom were being paid. (Hidalgo, 2005) Several steps are being taken to combat this problem both here and abroad. These steps include laws and organizations whose goal it is to stop and educate the public on human trafficking or slavery. The United Nations (UN) has recently set up a global fund to combat human trafficking. Additionally the UN protocol against Trafficking in Persons was ratified in 2003 and has been signed by 117 countries, which makes human trafficking an international crime. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), with financial support from the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, has set in motion a Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (UN.GIFT). The process, formally launched in London on 26 March 2007 is designed to have a long-term impactÂâ€"to create a turning point in the world-wide fight against human trafficking. Throughout 2007 and 2008, events will take place across the globe to raise awareness, reduce the vulnerability of potential victims examine the human impact of this crime and take action to stop it. The goal of this initiative is to prevent potential victims from falling prey to traffickers, protecting those who do, and punishing the criminals involved. (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007) While these are positive steps, the enforcement and punishment tend to be light. (Rosenthal, 2007) Human rights lawyer Siriwan, states the following in response to the human trafficking laws in Thailand A good law is often not enforced because of deep prejudices that can paralyze the legal system, We cannot expect the problem of slavery to go away unless we tackle our own prejudices that endorse the exploitation. (Human Trafficking Organization, 2007). While Siriwan attributes some of the problems to our own prejudices, examples of corruption also run rampant. For example, in Bosnia, Human Rights Watch found evidence of visa and immigration officials visiting brothels for free sexual services in exchange for ignoring the doctored documents produced by traffickers to facilitate transport through the country. (Agbu, 2003) In America, the punishment can be more stringent. As reported in the Standard News Wire (2007), Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales has made combating human trafficking a top priority of the Justice Department. He illustrates this by showing that in the last six fiscal years, the Civil Rights Division, in conjunction with U.S. Attorneys Offices, has increased by six-fold the number of human trafficking cases filed, quadrupled the number of defendants charged, and tripled the number of defendants convicted. So how can we help combat this epidemic? Education is one important step. While the world and UN are playing a key role by supporting the international anti-human trafficking initiatives, education is something we can do on a local level. Allison Lowe in her paper Human Trafficking: A Global Problem with Solutions that Begin at Home, calls for us to reach out and educate young people, not only because they are the future policy-makers and social workers of our country, but also because runaways and street children are highly susceptible to being ensnared by traffickers and pimps. (Lowe, 2007) Training is another step we can take. Often people cannot recognize those that are victimized by human trafficking. Richard Danziger, Head of International Organization for Migrations (IOM) Counter-Trafficking Division, explained that one of the most basic challenges is training people to recognize trafficking victims. There is confusion between smuggling, illegal immigration, and human trafficking. He further says Today, despite all the talk about trafficking, trafficked children are still being deported to their home countries or even transit countries. Victims, slaves, are still being treated as criminals. To clear this up the IOM along with the Department of State have recently created an in-depth package of training programs aimed at immigration and law enforcement officials, legislators and nongovernmental organizations. Human Trafficking is one that affects us all. It allows for the victimization of hundreds of thousands people worldwide. While there are several steps in place to combat this, including the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 and the UN global initiative, there are still things that need to be done. We as Americans can directly support efforts to educate, train and have a hand at combating this terrible crime. References Agbu, O. (2003). Corruption And Human Trafficking: The Nigerian Case. West Africa Reivew, 4, 7-8. Gramegna, M., Laczko, F. (2003). Developing Better Indicators of Human Trafficking [Electronic version]. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 10, 179. Hidalgo, E. (2005). Human trafficking in the U.S.:A harsh reality. Retrieved Dec 4, 2007 from the-tidings.com/2005/0318/traffic.htm Human Trafficking.Org, A web resource for combating human trafficking. 50 Year Old Anti-Slavery Law Used in Thailand to Combat Human Trafficking. (2007). Retrieved Dec 2, 2007 from humantrafficking.org/updates/633 Human Trafficking Website. (2007). Retrieved Dec 10, 2007 from http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/ Jansen, J. (2006). Human trafficking still major problem: US report. Jurist Legal News and Research. Retrieved Dec 4, 2007 from http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2006/06/human-trafficking-still-major-problem.php Kelly, K. (2006). Sold in the U.S.A. Retrieved Dec 09, 2007 from chicagoreporter.com/ Lowe, A. (2007). Human Trafficking: A Global Problem with Solutions that Begin at Home. Praxis Journal of the Loyola University Chicago School of Social Work, 7. Retrieved Dec 10, 2007 from luc.edu/socialwork/praxis/pdfs/vol7_chapter6.pdf Lubetkin, W. (2006). New Training Programs Will Help Fight Trafficking in Persons. Department of State International Information Programs. Retrieved Dec 6, 2007 from http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-englishy=2006m=Novemberx=20061128171520cwniktebul4.951113e-02 Morse, J. (2006). Journalist Urges More Enforcement of Laws Against Human Trafficking. Department of State International Information Programs. Retrieved Dec 6, 2007 from http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-englishy=2006m=Novemberx=20061129155338ajesrom0.928982 Rosenthal, E. (2007). UN Fund to Combat Human Trafficking. Retrieved Dec 4, 2007 from iht.com/articles/2007/03/26/news/human.php Smith, T. (2007). Slavery in the Suburbs. Retrieved Dec 4, 2007 from cbsnews.com/stories/2007/09/12/eveningnews/main3254966.shtml Standard News Wire: Woman Pleads Guilty to Human Trafficking Related Charges. (2007). Retrieved Dec 10, 2007 from standardnewswire.com/news/628101202.html The Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. (2007). Retrieved Dec 4, 2007 from unodc.org/pdf/gift%20brochure.pdf Trafficking in Persons Report. (2007). Retrieved Dec 4, 2007 from state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/82804.htm Research Papers on Combating Human TraffickingExempt vs Non-Exempt EmployeesProbation OfficersIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofQuebec and CanadaGenetic EngineeringDefinition of Export QuotasA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantDeontological Teleological TheoriesThe Equal Rights AmendmentWhat are Stock Options

Swot analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swot analysis - Essay Example 3. Although AFVs save costs and enhance economy, â€Å"hybrid† is a relatively new technology which is not "tried and true" and only little is known about its potential development. This may also lead to disapproval from potential consumers. (Wasko, 2006) 4. Petrol and diesel vehicles have been around for decades and have been proven reliable time and time again. Solar and electric powered vehicles are new to the market and consumers might be reluctant to swap to the new technology. 5. A design that is â€Å"petrol-free† means that the â€Å"Synergy† loses some acceleration as a trade-off for economy and being environmentally friendly. People might still prefer petrol/diesel vehicles for performance. (Wasko, 2006) 1. Petrol prices are rising day by day due to the huge increase in crude oil prices. This provides a perfect opportunity to the Toyota Corp. to make cars that do not require petrol to enter the market. (Wasko, 2006) 2. The Toyota CS&S concept car puts Toyotas popular hybrid technology inside a sportier and futuristic design, with speeds up to 127 miles/hr. The CS&S incorporates the Toyotas Hybrid Synergy Drive system, the same gas-electric technology (Fuller, 2009). Toyota can work on this model to develop a hybrid car that saves fuel and is made for performance. This can be targeted towards the urban youth market. 3. Toyota has planned to build about 400 demonstration plug-in hybrids by the year 2010. The batteries in these cars can be charged from wall sockets which further cuts gasoline usage. (Woodyard, 2008) 1. In 2010, Toyota declared the callback of about 436,000  hybrid vehicles  worldwide, including its latest make, the Prius, to fix the  brake problems. The total includes more than 200,000 Prius cars sold in Japan. (Prius Call Back Worldwide By Toyota 2008) Lack of quality control can severely damage

Psyche (The Butterfly) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psyche (The Butterfly) - Essay Example The butterfly is approximately 14.5’’ wide and 10’’ high, and it is suspended allowing it to move gently in currents of HVAC, with fabricated wings that are made of steel and the section in between is stretched with mesh made of steel, hence creating a space for the suspension of the test tubes (Colorado creative industries, 1). The term psyche means soul to the ancient Greek, and the term butterfly establishes the idea of its life cycle from a caterpillar to a chrysalis and later a butterfly. Therefore, the art was created as a symbol for the passage from life to death, and the sculpture is titled Psyche (the butterfly) by Donald Lipski. The cells of the wings are made of test tubes as tools in science, since the artist had a conviction that melding the butterfly using test tubes was inspiring and beautiful, hence making the building to be a destination. The butterfly has two sets of wings, both top wings and bottom wings, which are not entirely opened, whereby the bottom wings are slightly wider, while top wings are 8’ across, and bottom wing 6’ across. The butterfly hangs at an angle of 60 degree, whereby it suspends and moves along with the air currents of HVAC, while its framework comprise of ideas that the black areas are veins of the wins of a monarch butterfly. The sculpture is fabricated using laser cut steel, and the sections between the stretches contains grids made of stainless, where the test tubes are suspended filled with a pigmented acrylic of transparent orange. The idea of creating this sculpture began with Art in Public Place Act, which was a statue passed in 1977, whereby one percent of the cost incurred in construction of new or renovated building owned by the state was to be appropriated for public artwork. Therefore, construction of the new Auraria Science Building led to creation of this sculpture during the summer of 2008, whereby the director of Art in Public Places

Art Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art Review - Assignment Example The painting has drawn much debate down the centuries because of the facial expression displayed on the painting. The Mona Lisa now is on display in Paris at the Louvre. In my opinion, the Mona Lisa is the greatest work of art of all time because of the skillfulness and difficulty of the piece. Da Vinci was an artist who often spent many years on one painting, so it is no surprise that he took so long with this one. The best works of art of those that force the viewer to think about what the painting represents; in this case, Da Vinci paints the facial expression that could be interpreted in one of two ways. In my opinion, the smile of the woman in the painting is not a real smile but a forced one; she may even be hiding something beneath that smile. Rembrandt, full name Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, is considered to be the most famous painter and artist in Dutch history. Many of Rembrandt’s pieces of art contributed to what some experts refer to as the â€Å"Dutch Golden Age.† Early on in his life, Rembrandt was a successful portrait painter but his career did not flourish as much as his early promise showed. Later in life, Rembrandt taught many young Dutch painters how to cultivate works of art. The Night Watch is recognized as one of Rembrandt’s most famous works of art. However, it has also provided much controversy and debate around the militiamen in the painting. This painting was crafted right in the middle of the Dutch Revolt against the Spanish. What may be considered unusual about this painting is that a captain of a Dutch militia group commissioned the painting and paid Rembrandt a large amount of money to do so. However, during this volatile time, it was not uncommon for militia groups to pay for their portraits to be painted. While there are many people in the painting, the light focuses only on two main figures at the front and a

A Fruit Smoothie Is A Drink Biology Essay

A Fruit Smoothie Is A Drink Biology Essay Fruit and vegetables are not consumed in the required quantities, throughout the world due to a variety of reasons e.g. availability, cost and/or convenience. Even though there importance is clearly defined by the World Health Organisation guidelines (Keenan et al. 2011a), in the developed world convenience is perceived as being the predominant cause for the demise of fruit and vegetable consumption. This has directly led to the development of a new product set that enables the consumer to achieve the recommended 5 portions a day, whilst maintaining their busy life styles. Smoothies have now entered into popular culture; the (Oxford English Dictionary, 2013) defines it as Noun a thick, smooth drink of fresh fruit purà ©ed with milk, yogurt, or ice cream A fruit Smoothie is a drink that blends fruit and fruit juice together to create a healthy snack. The Smoothie market to have reached $9.0 billion by 2015 (Global Industry Analysts, 2010) and that UK sales reached 34 million in 2006, which is 6.3 million up on 2001 according to Mintel who also expect Smoothie sales to treble by 2011 (BBC News, 2007). In the USA the sales reached $2 billion in 2012, which has grown 80% over the past 5 years (Smoothie Statistics, 2012). In the UK, the sales of smoothie increase to 80 million in 2007, but showed a reduction in sales gradually falling by 2009, however sales have increased again by 2011 to 55 million (British soft drinks, 2011). Mintel are a company that provide food and drink research to the UK. They have reported that many fruit Smoothies have been found to have a hidden sugar content to sweeten the Smoothie up; many of the fruit Smoothies were found to have hidden sugars comprising of fruit juice concentrates and high fructose syrup (Courier mail, 2013). Most Smoothies have apple and banana as core ingredients. Apples have a natural sweetness; this means not as much, if any additional sugar needs to be added to the drink, to sweeten the taste, banana is also added as it adds a natural thickness to the Smoothie, nothing artificial needs to be added to the Smoothie (Innocent drinks, 2013). One problem that is faced is the texture of the drink, it can be quite bitty or grainy, this is derived from tiny particles that some fruits contain, for example strawberries have small pips on the outside of the fruit, so blending the fruit alone will not get the particles to break up. However a way to change this has been found that passing ultrasound waves into the fruit during its preparation makes the particles smaller. Ultrasound wave technology has been available for many years, but in the last 10 years the food industry has developed a methodology to use the ultrasonic waves in food processing (Ultrasonic innovations, 2008). This paper presents an example of using ultrasound waves in the Fruit Smoothie product to reduce the particle size problem outlined earlier. There are a number of advantages for using ultrasonic waves, they have a more effective mixing and micro-mixing, faster energy and mass transfer, reduction in temperature the mixture can remain at the same temperatu re throughout the process. Ultrasound wave technology also increases the production volumes of the Smoothies (Chemat et al., 2011). 1.1 Aims To investigate and reduce the particle size within the Fruit Smoothie mixture using ultrasound waves. To test the treated Smoothie for its- viscosity, colour and centrifuge for the acceptability of the particle size. Testing the treated Smoothie on samplers for the acceptability of the particle size, the colour and the taste in the mouth. 1.2 Objectives Employ ultrasound waves at different power levels for the reduction of particle size and for two different lengths of time. To use the Brookfield viscosity to test the flow rate of the different samples. To use the Hunter LAB to analyse the intensity of the colour change and the centrifuge machine to test the separation for the different samples. Test the finalised product on random, untrained samplers to identify their thoughts about the product and compare the product to an untreated sample product. 1.3 Hypothesis This paper will be an experimental hypothesis. Using ultrasound waves will reduce the particle size in the Smoothie product and create a smoother taste. 2. Literature Review The literature review consists of what a Smoothie is, the types of products available, the role of ingredients, the manufacturing process and sensory attributes. 2.1 Smoothie Definition The word Smoothie comes from the English word smooth meaning tender and creamy. Smoothies are defined as a creamy cold drink which is made of blended fruit or berries together with some fruit juice, only natural ingredients are added to the product. The texture of a Smoothie is of a thick consistency unlike the slush drink and has a consistency more like a milkshake (Smith et al., 2013). 2.2 Types of Smoothies Available The main Smoothie manufacture that is available in the UK, is Innocent Smoothies, they have a wide range of Smoothies already available on the market, from Strawberry and Banana to Kiwis, Apples and Limes to Pomegranates, to Blueberries and Acai (Innocent Drinks, 2013). These Smoothies are available in four different sized bottles, they vary from handy grab and go bottles, to bottles that can be stored in the fridge and used many times over. Innocent dominate with 80% of the market in 2010 (Mintel, 2010). Figure 1: Innocent Smoothie Drinks (Innocent drinks, 2013) Innocent Smoothie also offers other products in this range, five kids Smoothies are available in handy lunch box sized cartons, useful for lunches. Figure 2: Kids smoothies (Innocent drinks, 2013) 2013) Happy monkey are another brand of Smoothie that are mainly branded for kids and their lunch boxes (Happy Monkey Smoothies, 2013). They come in two varieties orange mango and strawberry banana, and can be purchased in a variety of shops. Happy Monkey Smoothies offer less variety than Innocent Smoothie however they have similar products available. One close to the orange and mango is available in Innocents childrens range and the strawberry and banana is found in the main Smoothie range. Figure 3: Happy Monkey smoothie products (Happy Monkey Smoothies, 2013) Another place that Smoothies can be found is from Ellas kitchen, these again are more aimed at children to take to school and have as a healthy snack. They are comprised of five different flavours available in small handy sizes. Like Innocent and Happy Monkey, they have similar flavours with the same ingredients as the back bone to the Smoothie products. Figure 4: Ellas kitchen Fruit Smoothie products (Ellas Kitchen, 2012) The Naked Smoothie Company are aimed at producing Smoothies for adults on the go, that do not have time to eat fruit with their everyday life commitments. Naked advertise that they are a healthy alternative and contain antioxidants in them (Naked Juice, 2013). These advertisements are aimed at those wanting to try and stay healthier for longer by adding antioxidants into their bodies, to help fight free radicals. Naked have launched additional products that claim to increase energy levels throughout the day Figure 5: Naked Juice Smoothies (Naked Juice, 2013) These are the main Smoothie brands on the market in the UK today. Many companies target their brands towards childrens health, helping them get their 5 a day, thus making it easier for their parents by allowing them to have one of their products, the parent does not have to try and persuade the child to eat a piece of fruit. However some companies do promote their products to the older generation advertising that their Smoothie can help them to stay fit and healthy as well as their children. All these Companies claim that their products are 100% pure fruit without any added sweeteners or artificial flavourings. 2.3 Role of ingredients Fruit is the primary component in a Smoothie. Many producers of fruit Smoothies promote how they can help you achieve your five a day in a tasty quick convenient drink. Strawberry: Strawberries in this fruit Smoothie is one of the main ingredients and adds flavour to the drink. Strawberries have a natural sweetness that will sweeten up the product without the need to add any sweeteners to the mixture, thus making the smoothie healthier. Strawberries are a major contributor and they give the drink the pink colour. Strawberries have natural bits around them which give the texture in the smoothies the natural graininess; this is what the ultrasound waves will reduce in the smoothies. Banana: As well as bananas being one of the main ingredients in the smoothie, banana is also a natural thickener (Innocent Smoothie, 2013), this making the banana a vital ingredient in the fruit mixture, as without the banana the drink may become too runny. The banana also adds as a bulking ingredient as it increases the volume of the Smoothie. As banana is one of the main ingredients it adds to the flavour of the drink and produces the banana and strawberry flavoured Smoothie. Grape: Grape juice adds to the flavour, and helps break down the thickness of the banana and sweetens the banana taste. Grape is an acidity regulator and controls the acidity levels in the smoothie. Without the grape juice the acidity in the Smoothie may become too strong. Apple juice: Apple juice is used to add a natural sweetener to the Smoothie (Innocent Smoothie, 2013). By adding this it means no additional sugar is necessary resulting in a healthier drink. The apple juice as with grape helps to break down the banana thickness to create a smoother texture. Oats: Oats are added to the fruit Smoothie to add more fibre. They also change the thickness of the product. The oats added in to the mix changes the texture of the Smoothie. This again will be decreased by using ultrasound technology to reduce the particle size. 2.4 Manufacturing Process Ultrasound is a non-thermal technology utilising high power and high frequency that results in a longitude wave that creates a sudden implosion of bubbles. The implosion generates localised spots with a very high pressure that can disturb cellular structures; this means the particle size will reduce (Fellows, 2009). When ultrasonic waves hit the surface of a material they generate a force, this force is vertical to the surface and it results in a compression wave that moves through the food. If the force is parallel to the surface it produces a shearing wave. Both methods allow the food product to be sonicated (Fellows, 2009). In recent years using ultrasound waves in food processing has been investigated extensively (Rawson et al, 2011) concentrating on the effect that pulses have on the nutritional aspects of the food sample and the lengthening of the shelf life of products. Sonication has significantly improved the preservation role in foods (Rawson et al., 2010). The amount of bu bbles produced depends on the amount of frequency and amplitude of the ultrasound waves (Keenan et al., 2011b). This means the particles of the fruit Smoothie should be reduced when the ultrasound waves are at a higher frequency and higher amplitude. The longer the ultrasound waves are placed through the Smoothie the more this will have an affect the amount of particles broken up. 2.5 Quality attributes Fruit and vegetable beverages can have certain sensory barriers that can put off many people from drinking them. These barriers include a bitter taste and a grainy texture and in the most recent National Diet and Nutritional survey (NDNS) report, it highlights the difference in consumption of the 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day between children and adults. It found that children are more prone to eating fruit and vegetables every day. Fruit juices continue to grow in popularity and are potentially driven by an increase public interest in preventative healthcare (Wootton-beard and Ryan, 2011). 2.6 Nutrition Due to marketing and advertisement of Smoothies there is a misconception that the drinks are as healthy for you as eating fruit by themselves. Labels claim that they are packed with vitamins, low in fat and bursting with goodness and the UK has spent over  £100 million a year on Smoothies, however many of them contain sugar, calories and acids as extra ingredients that have been added to sweeten them up and make them taste better (BBC News, 2008). This means that Smoothies are not as healthy as the packaging is advocating. Juicing fruit and storing it can make it quite acidic, and one being consumed can damage the persons teeth. Juicing takes away the fibre and removes many nutrients that are found in the whole fruit (Independent, 2006). Juice and Smoothies count as one portion of your 5 a Day when drunk in a 227g portion. It was found that pure fruit and vegetables can offer similar health benefits to whole fruit and vegetables. This is due to the antioxidant and polyphenol content that is found in fruit and vegetables, however it still remains a concern regarding the impact juices have on sugar consumption, fibre intakes, dental health and appetite control. It has been found that fruit contains a naturally high carbohydrate, sugar, starch and fibre content. Smoothies are not that different to a consumer choosing fruit like a banana than it would be if they chose it in the Smoothie form (Ruxton, 2008). The advice expressed by health professionals is that consumption of Smoothies should be discouraged due to the high carbohydrate and sugar content, as this would prevent the rise in sugar consumption that has been on the increase in recent years. However this is a mistaken belief in regards to Smoothies, for in a 250m l portion, 30g of sugar can be found, similar to a piece of fruit. Research has been undertaken to show that Smoothies may have more associated dental health problems than eating two portions of whole fruit and vegetables; this has not been proven with reliable evidence. When Fruit Smoothies were first introduced onto the market, it was thought that it would encourage those in the population who did not consume the minimum daily dietary requirements regarding fruit and vegetables. It was a concern that they may stop people from consuming the actual fruit and vegetable however, it was found that those who consumed higher levels of fruit and vegetables were more likely to consume both the whole fruit/vegetable and Smoothies/fruit juices. Smoothies were found to be higher in fibre, vitamin C and antioxidants compared to fruit juices alone (Ruxton, 2008). 2.7 Consumer acceptability/ Sensory To the consumer, the most important quality attributes are the five sensory characteristics Texture, Flavour, aroma, shape and colour (Keenan et al., 2011b). These attributes determine the individuals preference for specific products. These attributes help to define differences between certain brands and their differing tastes. In the case of this study, these attributes will help the panellists to taste the size of the particle in the sonicated Smoothies (Povey and Mason, 1998). 2.8 Taste and Flavour Taste and flavour is a major factor in consumer choice. There is a difference between taste and flavour, taste is the sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness and umami. The taste buds on the tongue affect what the taster can detect, and some attributes can be detected at very low thresholds in certain food groups. Taste occurs on the tongue were 10,000 taste buds are located on the front, back, sides and the tip of the tongue. Each taste bud has clusters of 50-100 taste receptor cells. Flavour is the result of the interaction between the sense of smell that the person can detect from the sample, and the taste that the taste buds have given off which determines the flavours they can taste in the sample, however 80% of the perception is from the smell of the sample, the food is inhaled through the nostrils and from the back of the mouth as the food is chewed and swallowed. The flavour of foods is influenced by the flavour compounds which are released when chewed (Povey and Mason, 1998). 2.9 Texture The texture of food has a major influence on consumers perception of quality. Information is passed to the brain, about the texture of the food from the sensors in the mouth and from recalling these senses from memory it can build up an image of the texture properties of the food. This can be seen in three stages: 1. Initially the first stage is to assess the hardness, the ability to break the food and the consistency of the food product in the first bite 2. The second stage is the chewiness, adhesiveness and the gumminess during the chewing of the product. During this phase the moistness and the greasiness of the food is also detected. 3. The third stage is the perception of the rate at which the food will be broken down whilst chewing. The type of the pieces formed, then the release of moisture and finally any coating on the mouth or tongue with food (Povey and Mason, 1998). 2.10 Colour The colour of a Smoothie or any other product is one of the main aspects that a consumer is going to take into consideration when choosing a product they wish to purchase. If the colour is unusual or not natural to the eye, consumers may find it off putting, particularly in this market segment, as the Smoothie purports to be a replacement for natural products. So the products colour is very important The colour of a Smoothie is affected when the sonic processing is undertaken. Typically the more ultrasound power put into the Smoothies, the more particles are broken up, resulting in the colour of the Smoothie being affected by the particle degradation (Keenan et al., 2012a). 3. Method The methodology section consists of the following: Sample Preparation, Ultrasound Processing, Physical analysis, Brookfield Viscosity, Colour, Analysis, Centrifuge Analysis, Sensory Analysis, Ethical Issues, and Statistic Analysis. As similar work has been undertaken on the topic of using ultrasound waves in Smoothies, several methods were incorporated to expand on the work already developed to test four different methods (Keenan et al., 2010), (Keenan et al., 2011a), (Keenan et al., 2012b), (Keenan et al., 2012c). As this paper is concentrating more on the mouth feel of the Smoothie, than for example the shelf life changing due to the sound waves being passed through the product, the sensory aspect was a higher priority, so only following limited methods helps to get the full purpose of the study across. In this study, a Smoothie is the product of choice to test and investigate with the ultrasound waves process, because of the varying particle size that can be found in Smoothies. Reducing the particle size should have effective results. According to recent sales, Smoothies have become very popular in the UK, however many consumers find the graininess of some fruit puts many consumers of drinking Smoothies off putting. This study, investigates a way to reduce this, using a novel technology that has not been used extensively in food products. 3.1 Sample preparation The Smoothies prepared were based on the commercially available Smoothie Strawberry and banana by innocent Smoothies. 1400ml of Smoothies was made using 288g of banana, 284g of grapes (mixed), 520g strawberries were chopped, 700ml of apple juice from concentrate then added to a homogeniser (Keenan et al., 2010), (Keenan et al., 2011a) and (Keenan et al., 2011c) along with 50g of oats, and all food products were sourced from a local supermarket. Once the fruit, juice and oats are homogenised the Smoothie is split into seven 250ml samples and refrigerated to between 2-4oC, so all Smoothies are at the same temperature before ultra sound processing can take place. Each time the particles are tested the same amount of each fruit is the same, to make sure texture and colour is the same each time. The Smoothie composition was derived from the commercially available; innocent Smoothie product banana and strawberry. Place into blender with oats and apple juice for 1 minute Split mixture into seven samples Chop strawberries and bananas. Peel grapes Place 2 into ultrasound machine for 5 and 10 mins. on power 60 Place 2 into ultrasound machine for 5 and 10 mins. on power 100 Place 2 into ultrasound machine for 5 and 10 mins. on power 20 Test sonicated samples for separation of particles Test sonicated samples for colour Test sonicated samples for viscosity Figure 6: Summary Flow Chart of Smoothie Method of Sonication and Testing. 3.2 Ultrasound machine Once the Smoothie is split into portions the ultra sound treatment can be done, the Smoothies were tested using (Keenan et al., 2011a) method on how to test ultrasonic waves through fruit samples. Three treatments were used in this practical; the Smoothies were treated with three different power levels (20%, 60%, 100% on the 0.5 cycle) for two different lengths of time. Six of the Smoothie samples were processed on and one was kept as a control to compare the results to the original Smoothie. Figure 7: Ultrasound Machine C:UsersFionaPicturesIMG_0486.JPG 3.3 Physical Analysis Once each of the Smoothies has been treated, tests were done on the different samples for viscosity, colour and centrifuge. 3.4 Process Parameters Due to the ultrasound machine being placed in to the smoothie, it can change the temperature of the smoothie mixture. (Keenan et al., 2012a) study shows that the smoothie mixture inside the pressure chamber increased from 20 to 37oC during the high pressure processing. Power Level Time (Minutes) 20% 5 20% 10 60% 5 60% 10 100% 5 100% 10 Table 1: Processing power level and time it was sonicated A way to stop the temperature of the Smoothie being increased when ultrasound waves are being passed through it, is to decant the mixture into a beaker (which allows water to flow through) syphon off the warmer water so as to keep the Smoothie from increasing in temperature. 3.5 Brookfield Viscosity Viscosity is a measurement of the internal friction of a fluid, for example liquids and semi solids and Brookfield is the measurement of these. The viscosity measurements are made to test the quality and the efficiency of a product. A main way that that researchers test their work, is using a viscometer. It is one of the quickest, most reliable and accurate ways of analysing some of the most important factors affecting the product. (Brookfield engineering, 2013) The accuracy of the viscometer was checked with a standard solution of water to calibrate the viscometer. The seven samples were then tested the same way this was done by using the number four spindle at speed ten and placing the spindle into the Smoothie sample to get readings. A reading was taken on twelve occasions at ten second intervals to get an average. This was repeated on all seven samples. Figure 8: Brookfield viscometer meter C:UsersFionaPicturesIMG_0488.JPG 3.6 Colour Analysis The hunter lab model UltraScan PRO was used to test the changes in colour of the fruit Smoothies once the initial processing had taken place. The colour test was useful to see if the Smoothie had become lighter or darker in visual terms after the processing. Hunter Lab system is a popular and trouble free technique used in both quality control and research; it is able to test a wide spectrum of product colours from transparent films to clear liquids and/or opaque solids (hunter, 2008). In this case study it was used to test the difference in colour of the six processed samples, comparing them with the control sample. The colour was then tested by placing some of the Smoothie into a glass square tube with black foam to form a blackout around the outside to avoid any other light affecting the result. This was then placed on to the machine and the machine produced an L* a* b* reading of the colour. Each time a new sample was tested it was calibrated back to the original Smoothie. Each of the seven samples was tested three times to obtain an average. The 250ml Smoothies are then spilt in to 125ml samples. One 125ml sample is placed into the refrigerator and left for twenty four hours; the other 125ml placed into a water bath at 4oC for the same twenty four hours. Figure 9: Hunter Lab ColourC:UsersFionaPicturesIMG_0487.JPG 3.7 Centrifuge Analysis Centrifuge is driven by a motor and forces a sample to evenly separate the substance of greater and lower densities apart. A sample is placed in the machine and the motor is switch to a certain speed, the sample is then spun around a fixed axis. After the twenty four hours, 10ml of each is poured into a numbered tube and then placed into a centrifuge machine and spun at 4600rpm for ten minutes, this causes substances to separate and the bigger particles at the bottom with the smaller particles on top. The results are entered and analysed using SPSS. Figure 10: Centrifuge machine C:UsersFionaPicturesIMG_0489.JPG 3.8 Sensory Analysis Four samples of 1000ml were poured into four jugs consisting of Strawberries, banana, grapes, apple juice and oats. Three of the samples were treated with ultrasound waves at three different power levels (20%, 60%, 100% on cycle 0.5) for 10 minutes and the fourth was kept as a fresh control sample. The samples that were being tested were treated at the three different power levels for 10 minutes and control sample that was left untreated. An untrained panel of 50 people with an age range of 19 to 57 were used. As the study was based on the overall mouth feel of the Smoothie no training was needed before the tasting took place. The sensory was carried out in individual sensory booths and had controlled lighting. The odour in the booths was controlled to avoid any misconception of the product and its taste. The panellists were presented with four samples of the different Smoothies and given a sample of 10ml in 25ml plastic cups. Each sample was given a randomised three digit code, this was to avoid the panellist from know which order they are sampling each (Keenan et al., 2011b). Each panellist received the samples in a different order. The untrained panellists were given a cup of water to cleanse the palate, so the mouth was free of flavour before the next sample is tasted. There were eight important attributes that were necessary to get a clear picture of whether the participants could tell the difference between the samples and if the particle size had been reduced. The sensory attributes being tested for were colour, smell, appearance, texture, mouth feel, viscosity, aftertaste, and over all acceptability. The rating scale used was a horizontal line scale. A vertical line is placed on the scale between 1 and 9 with the left to right on the intensity of liking the product, for example pale to dark. Appearance Like/ Dislike Texture Bits/ No Bits Colour Pale/ Dark Smell Like/ Dislike After taste Strong/ weak Viscosity Too thin/ Too thick Mouth Feel Creamy/ Watery Overall Acceptability Like/ Dislike Table 2: Sensory Attributes of Smoothies 3.9 Ethical Issues The only ethical part to this study that needs to be addressed is the sensory analysis. On taking part in the sensory analysis, the participants signed an agreement, that they understood the agreement, they understood the ingredients in the samples and made it known if any allergies or intolerances they had that would stop them from taking part in the study. All participants knew that they were free to stop taking part in the study at any point if they wished to so. 3.10 Data analysis All values were repeated twice to get an average number to compare. The comparison was tested using SPSS (ANOVA, TTest) and Microsoft Excel Software. The difference was considered significantly different with a p value of 4. Results The smoothies that had been processed with ultrasound waves were analysed and the results were measured and statistically analysed by using Microsoft Excel, and SPSS. 4.1 Hunter Colour LAB Analysis The colour of the six samples of smoothies that were processed at different power levels and the control sample were analysed to see the colour change. The average readings of the colour parameters (L, a, b, TCD and Chroma) of each of the samples was calculated and can be seen in table below. The analysis was repeated three times to get an average, and all the tests were completed twice to check the acceptability of the results.   Sample L A B TCD Chroma Control 27.46 8.16 7.09 3.23 9.56 5 minutes 20% Amplitude 11.59 6.14 6.43 2.14 7.08 10 minutes 20% Amplitude 11.85 6.14 6.58 2.09 7.13 5 minutes 60% Amplitude 10.91 5.80 6.34 1.68 7.02 10 minutes 60% Amplitude 54.47 10.85 8.31 1.63 13.69 5 minutes 100% Amplitude 55.93 11.33 9.13 0.13 14.57 10 minutes 100% Amplitude 55.64 11.63 9.09 0.04 14.78 Table 3: The average on Lab at the different power levels Figure 11: L values (a), a values (b), b values (c), TCD values, (d), and Chroma Values (e) of smoothie samples colour at the different level of processing. See figure 11a, b, c, d, and e sample key in appendix 1. Figure 11a, 11b, and 11c, has revealed that the more ultrasound waves that are placed through the smoothies, the more the colour of the smoothie changes. Figure 11d shows the total colour difference (TCD) in the Smoothie samples at different power levels.   L Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 -15.86* -15.61* -16.54* 27.01* 28.46* 28.17* 2 15.86* 0.25 -0.68 42.87* 44.33* 44.04* 3 15.61* -0.25 -0.93 42.62* 44.08* 43.79* 4 16.54* 0.68 0.93 43.55* 45.01* 44.72* 5 -27.00* -42.87* -42.62* -43.55* 1.45 1.16 6 -28.46* -44.33* -44.08* -45.01* -1.45 -0.29 7 -28.17* -44.04

heros without faces Essay -- essays research papers

FLAGS OF OUR FATHERS Throughout school, many students come in contact with the picture of the six marines raising the American flag in the battle of Iwo Jima. The students also know this picture as a statue that was made to honor all of those that were lost in this tragic battle. James Bradley wanted to change how people looked at this picture or statue. He wanted to give each marine a name to go along with the hand or face that is seen in the picture. James, when writing the book, makes each chapter the next stage in each of the six men lives. James Bradley begins the book by giving the reader the background of each of men. The men, oddly enough, represent how America was before World War II started. There is the farmer, Franklin Sousley, the rancher, Harlon Block, the mill worker, Rene Gagnon, the Native American, Ira Hayes, the immigrant, Mike Strank, and the serious small towner, Jack Bradley, which when placed together form a cross-section of America. After outlining all the marines’ history, James Bradley, then goes into why America is in the war in the pacific with Japan. He also goes into father detail as to why the six men joined the marines. Along with the six marines, James explains what characteristics in this war make it different, such as amphibious warfare. This is the method where Marine Corps troops go ashore onto Pacific islands from ships to assault the enemy (Webster Dictionary). Another important fact that he brings up, is why the battle of Iwo J...

Macbeth Stylistic Devices

A. J. Wronski Shakespear Style Analysis Mr. Mettey English IV December 19, 2012 Macbeth Stylistic Devices In the play Macbeth, William Shakespear uses several stylistic devices. These devices help contribute meaning to the central themes of the play. One of the main devices used by Shakespear to convey the theme, the fall of man, is symbolism. Strange occurences, birds, and blood are all symbols that hlep convey this theme. The first examples of symbolism are the strange occurences after Duncan is murdered. After Duncan is murdered, Ross and the Old Man talk about many strange things that are happening.They talk about how its unusually dark when its daytime and how an owl attacked a falcon. They also talk about how Duncan's horses were acting strange and how they, â€Å"Turned wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out, Contending ‘gainst obedience†(2. 4. 16-17). The fact that these strange occurrences happen right after Duncan's death means that they could symbolize his death or his downfall which supports the theme of the fall of man. The symbolism of birds also helps convey the theme of the fall of man. Birds are used many times throughout the play as symbols but once in particular before Duncan is murdered.While Lady Macbeth is talking about her thoughts to murder Duncan she says, â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse/ That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan†(1. 5. 36-37). Ravens are birds that usually symbolize death. This raven symbolizes the death of Duncan that is soon to come which conveys the fall of man as Duncan will soon fall. Blood is also a very strong symbol in this play. After Macbeth kills Duncan, his hands are stained with blood. Lady Macbeth tell him to just wash it off and forget about it but Macbeth can't do that.Macbeth questions if, â€Å"All great Neptune's ocean wash this blood/ clean from my hand†(2. 2. 58-59)? Macbeth is saying that nothing will ever be able to wash away the blood of Duncan off his hands. T his blood symbolizes the strength of Macbeths guilt and hints that that this guilt could possibly be his downfall in the future. The symbolism that Shakespear uses in Macbeth is very strong. Its helps clearly convey the theme of the fall of man. Through the use of the symbols of the strange occurences, birds, and blood the theme of the fall of man is clear throughout the play.

How to Create Behavior Contracts for Students

How to Create Behavior Contracts for Students Every teacher has at least one challenging student in her class, a child who needs extra structure and incentive to change bad behavior habits. These arent bad kids; they often just need a little extra support, structure, and discipline. Behavior contracts can help you mold the behavior of these students so that they no longer disrupt learning in your classroom. What Is a Behavior Contract? A behavior contract is an agreement between the teacher, student, and the students parents that sets limits for student behavior, rewards good choices, and outlines consequences for bad choices. This type of program sends a clear message to the child by communicating with them that their disruptive behavior cannot continue. It lets them know your expectations and what the consequences of their actions, both good and bad, will be.   Step 1, Customize the Contract First, make a plan for change. Use this behavior contract form as a guide for the meeting you will soon have with the student and his/her parents. Tailor the form to your particular situation, taking into consideration the personality and preferences of the child you are helping. Step 2, Set Up A Meeting Next, hold a meeting with the involved parties. Perhaps your school has an assistant principal in charge of discipline; if so, invite this person to the meeting. The student and his/her parents should attend as well. Focus on 1 to 2 particular behaviors that you would like to see change. Dont try to change everything at once. Take baby steps toward major improvement and set goals that the student will perceive as achievable. Make it clear that you care about this child and want to see him/her improve in school this year. Emphasize that the parent, student, and teacher are all part of the same team.   Step 3, Communicate the Consequences Define the tracking method to be used on a daily basis for monitoring student behavior. Describe the rewards and consequences that correlate with behavior choices. Be very specific and clear in this area and use quantitative explanations whenever possible. Involve the parents in designing a system of rewards and consequences. Make sure that the chosen consequences are truly important to this particular child; you can even ask the child for input which will make him/her buy into the process even further. Have all involved parties sign the agreement and end the meeting on a positive note. Step 4, Schedule a Follow-Up Meeting Schedule a follow-up meeting 2 to 6 weeks from your initial meeting to discuss progress and make adjustments to the plan as needed. Let the child know that the group will be meeting again soon to discuss their progress. Step 5, Be Consistent in the Classroom In the meantime, be very consistent with this child in the classroom. Stick to the wording of the behavior contract agreement as much as you can. When the child makes good behavior choices, offer praise. When the child makes poor choices, do not be apologetic; if needed, pull out the contract and review the terms that the child agreed upon. Emphasize the positive consequences that can come as a result of good behavior and enforce any negative consequences of the childs bad behavior that you agreed upon in the contract.   Step 6, Be Patient and Trust the Plan Most of all, be patient. Do not give up on this child. Misbehaved children often need extra love and positive attention and your investment in their well-being can go a long way.   In Conclusion You might be surprised at the huge feeling of relief that all involved parties feel just by having an agreed-upon plan. Use your teachers intuition to start yourself on a more peaceful and productive path with this child.

Gay Rights Activists view on Same-sex Marriage

Gay Rights Activists view on Same-sex Marriage Free Online Research Papers Question: What are the views of Gay Rights activists on same-sex marriage? There are many Gay Rights activists who are strong supporters of marriage. One reason for them supporting same-sex marriage is that marriage has many economic advantages over single life. Married people get tax breaks and are entitled to Social Security benefits if one spouse dies. Since gays are not allowed to marry except in California, they cannot get the benefits in most places in the United States. Also, legally married people can inherit from one another without a will. Many companies offer benefits to a person’s spouse, but since gays cannot legally marry, they are denied these benefits. Since the general public is against same-sex relationships in general, gays receive little support for having and sustaining long-term relationships compared to heterosexual couples. The textbook states that â€Å"On average, relationships for both gay males and lesbians last two years to three years, and a pattern of serial monogamy exists.† Gay Rights activists who support same-sex marriage would argue that if gays were allowed to marry, this average span of relationship life would increase. The reason, they would argue, is that there is more support in society for people who are married to stay together than there is for people who aren’t married. Also, it is commonly expected by society that married people will stay together, which plays a role in actually keeping marriages together. Lesbians and gay men also feel that denying them the right to marry says that they aren’t as good as heterosexuals. If they are to be equal with heterosexuals, they should have the same rights as heterosexuals, including the right to get married. The textbook reads â€Å"Some lesbians and gay men believe that legal marriage would be their most important civil rights victory yet.† This shows the huge importance that these people put on marriage and having the right to get married. They also believe that having the right to marry would start a chain reaction for other changes in favor of their equality to heterosexuals. While many gays and lesbians are adamant in the support of same-sex marriage, there are also gays and lesbians who oppose same-sex marriage. The textbook states that some of them â€Å"such as gay rights attorney Paula Ettelbrick, object to mimicking a traditionally patriarchal institution based on property rights and institutionalized husband-wife roles.† The traditional marriage roles set up by society don’t really apply to gays and lesbians, so it is possible they would want a word or name other than marriage to describe their life-long union. One quote from a lesbian in the textbook had her referring to her â€Å"life partner† instead of her spouse. Research Papers on Gay Rights Activists view on Same-sex MarriageTrailblazing by Eric AndersonInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

The Physical Therapist and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Physical Therapist and the Law - Essay Example [internet]). As a matter of fact, it is good for injury prevention in youth sports. (Hareyan, Armen. Injury Prevention. Physical Therapists Offer Tips For Injury Prevention April 10, 2007. EmaxHealth. [internet] Accessed February 11, 2010. Available at: ). In the State of Florida, the practice is covered by Chapter 486 of the Florida Statutes (2009) under Title XXXII of the law. (CHAPTER 486. PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE. Title XXXII For one to be qualified as a licensed massage therapist, there are certain requirements to comply with. As basic requisites, the applicant must be at least eighteen years of age and must be of good moral character. For her or his professional qualifications or credentials, the applicant must meet any one of the three given circumstances which are (a) the applicant is a graduate from a physical therapy school duly accredited under the tutelage of the Commission of Recognition of Postsecondary Accreditation or the United States Department of Education upon her or his graduation, and has passed to the satisfaction of the Board of Physical Therapy Practice the American Registry Examination before 1971 or a national examination approved by the said Board of Physical Therapy Practice, or (b) the applicant has obtained a diploma from a physical therapy program in a foreign country or has educational qualifications equivalent to what is mandated of physical therapists in the United States d uly acknowledged by the proper agency accredited by the Board of Physical Therapy Practice, (Section 486.031 Physical therapist; licensing requirements. Ibid) or (c) the Board of Physical Therapy Practice has caused the issuance of a license to the applicant through the Department of Health without having taken any examination when she or he (the applicant) presents proof to the satisfaction of the Board of Physical Therapy Practice that she or he has passed the American Registry Examination before 1971 or an examination in physical therapy before a similar legally authorized examining board of another state, the District of Columbia, a territory or a foreign country where the standards for licensing physical therapy professionals are considered by the Board of Physical Therapy Practice as of the same level or category as those in Florida. (Section 486.081 Physical therapist; issuance of license without examination to person passing examination of another authorized examining board; fee. Ibid). In this third criterion, the professional may design or denominate herself or himself as a physical therapist or a physiotherapist or a P.T. She or he shall also pay to the Department of Health the appropriate fee not exceeding one hundred seventy five dollars as determined by the Board of Physical Therapy Practice. Physical therapy practice and police power Physical therapy being a career or a calling in Florida as in all other states,

Darwin's Dangerous Idea Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Darwin's Dangerous Idea Discussion - Essay Example Darwin’s evolution theory paved way for the science technology to adopt new approaches to evaluate his ideas. The close match between the human DNA and the DNA of the chimps is a scientific finding that was originally approached as an idea by Darwin. In this sense, Darwin was ahead of his time. Nevertheless, I am skeptical of the idea that things really evolve into something different. I identify the change in the HUV gene with the introduction of medicine in the patient with adaptation rather than evolution since evolution has to induce permanent changes to differ from adaptation. Overall, the video was very informative and educative. I agree that survival in the ever changing environment necessitates evolution for things with DNA. Even human beings have seen this evolution in terms of the variety of races, and features. Likewise, different varieties of the same animal living in different conditions suggest that the bodies have evolved so as to adjust to their environments. For example, same animals in the colder regions are furry whereas those in the warmer areas are not. However, I differ with you on your consideration of the theories of Darwin about the relationship of all living this leading up to this breakthrough as original and unmatched; nearly 50 years before him, Jean-Baptist Lamarck who was a French naturalist had already proposed the idea of occurrence of evolution and had proceeded it according to the laws of nature. Nevertheless, I do acknowledge that his proposal of the natural selection’s idea as a means of working for the evolution was original. Yes, the scientists over the passage of time did feel empowered by Darwin’s theory since it suggested something so inherently attractive to science with complete obliviousness, if not refutation, to what is beyond the reach of the scientific eye. You have captured Darwin’s nervousness and the underlying reasons for it